Heat-related health problems are increasingly prevalent in Victoria, particularly during extreme heat events, which pose significant risks to vulnerable populations.
It is easy to become overheated and dehydrated in hot weather, which can lead to serious illness such as heat exhaustion and heat stroke, as well as worsening existing health conditions
Heat-related illness
Dehydration
When the body does not have enough fluid to keep up with day-to-day needs. Symptoms can include thirst, dizziness or headache, dark urine or passing less urine than normal, difficulty thinking clearly .
Heat cramps
Heat cramps can occur after exercise in hot weather when the body depletes its water and salt reserves. The predominant symptoms include muscle pain or spasms, usually in the abdomen, legs or arms and may be a symptom of heat exhaustion.
Heat exhaustion
Heat exhaustion is caused by water or salt depletion that develops after prolonged exposure to high temperatures, especially when combined with strenuous activity. Symptoms include heavy sweating, weakness, dizziness, nausea, headache and muscle cramps. If not treated, heat exhaustion can progress to heatstroke.
Heat stroke
Heatstroke is a severe and life-threatening condition that occurs when the body’s temperature regulation fails, and body temperature rises to dangerous levels. Symptoms include confusion, seizures, loss of consciousness, and hot, dry skin. Immediate medical attention is crucial.
Heat can trigger other health events
Heart attack
High temperatures can strain the heart, increasing the risk of heart attack, particularly in those with pre-existing cardiovascular conditions.
Stroke
Heat can worsen existing conditions like kidney or lung disease
Who is most at risk?
Heat related issues can impact anybody, but some groups of people are at higher risk:
- Over 65-year-olds
- Babies and young children
- Pregnant women
- People with existing medical conditions or on certain medications
- People who work or exercise outdoors
Managing heat health
It is important to recognise the signs when your body is in distress from the heat, early signs include:
- Excessive sweating
- Dizziness or lightheadedness
- Nausea
- Rapid heartbeat
- Headaches
If you notice any of these symptoms, make sure to take measures to keep cool including:
- Remain indoors when possible with blinds or curtains to block direct sunlight
- Use air conditioning if available
- Wear loose or light clothing
- Avoiding exercise or working outside
- Stay well hydrated and avoid alcohol and caffeine
- Take cool showers or keep your skin wet with damp towels or spray bottle
- Stay up to date with health warnings
For professionals
Clinicians play an important role in supporting the community in preparing or planning for extreme heat.
